Translations:Charge controller/51/en

The charge controller in an off-grid PV system serves as the connection point between the PV source and the energy storage system. Every type of energy storage has specific charging and discharging preferences that must be considered to ensure that a long life (See the article on lead acid batteries for specific details). The charge controller works to manage the incoming power from the PV source to maximize charging when the batteries can accept it and to reduce it when batteries begin nearing full. Overcharging a battery will cause the chemicals and materials in battery to breakdown and generate significant amounts of heat, which will lead to reduced battery life or permanent damage to the battery. Chronic undercharging of a battery is more common and occurs when a battery is not allowed to return to a full state of charge on a regular basis, which will lead to a buildup of sulfation on the lead plates inside of the battery which over time will reduce battery life. A charge controller often cannot protect an energy storage system from over-discharge due to the operation of loads, an off-grid system should always include a low voltage disconnect that is integrated into the charge controller, inverter or is a separate piece of equipment.