Switch

A common switch design
(1) Front view of the switch without a cover. (2) Side view of the switch without a cover. (3) Unswitched conductor of a circuit (grounded conductor, neutral). (4) Incoming live (ungrounded) conductor. (5) Outgoing switched live (ungrounded) conductor that is connected to the light or outlet.

Switches are used to safely turn on/off AC and DC circuits. This can be useful for not only lighting, but also to switch off appliances that remain continuously plugged in. Switch designs vary between countries, but the overall concept remains the same for most residential circuits: a switch opens and closes the ungrounded conductor of a circuit to determine whether there is a complete circuit or not. The other conductor of a circuit is not switched, it is only necessary to switch one conductor as this breaks the circuit. As switch designs vary between countries, the proper method for wiring and installing switches will vary.

Considerations

• One switch can easily be wired to switch multiple lights or outlets.
• Switches should always be installed in a junction box or other type of enclosure to ensure that all live metal parts are protected. If they are going to be installed outdoors, they must be installed in a suitable outdoor rated enclosure.
• If a system has an AC system ground then an equipment ground must be run to switches, lights, and outlets for user safety.
• Ensure that all wires are properly attached to the switch by tugging on them after tightening the screws on the switch.