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{{DISPLAYTITLE:Dimensionamiento y selección de un controlador de carga MPPT simplificado}}[[Category:Simplified system design]] <languages /> A [[Special:MyLanguage/Charge controller#Charge controller types|MPPT charge controller]] is rated to operate at a particular [[Special:MyLanguage/DC system voltage|DC system voltage]], maximum current and maximum voltage. MPPT charge controllers can charge the battery bank with any [[Special:MyLanguage/Series and parallel connections|series and parallel]] configuration of modules that doesn't exceed the maximum voltage and maximum current or drop below the required charging voltage of the [[Special:MyLanguage/Energy storage|energy storage system]]. Exceeding the voltage rating of an MPPT due to cold temperatures that increase PV module voltage result in damage. Many charge controllers allow the current rating to be exceeded to a certain point without damage, just lost energy, but this depends on the charge controller. There are several important calculations that must be performed to properly size an MPPT charge controller: *Should be sized to work with a series and parallel PV source circuit configuration that will not damage the charge controller due to high voltages resulting from [[Special:MyLanguage/Weather and solar resource evaluation|low temperatures]] at the project location. *Should be sized to work with a series and parallel PV source circuit configuration of that will still be able to properly charge the [[Special:MyLanguage/Energy storage|energy storage system]] under [[Special:MyLanguage/Simplified weather and solar resource evaluation|high temperatures]] and as PV modules age. '''Supuestos:''' *Temperatura ambiente mínima: -15°C *Temperatura ambiente máxima: 50°C *Se utilizan estimaciones conservadoras para las tensiones de los módulos FV que cubren casi todos los módulos fotovoltaicos de 60 y 72 celdas. <br /> ====Paso 1: Determine la potencia nominal del módulo FV==== Los módulos de 60 celdas y 72 celdas son el tamaño de módulo más común que se usa con los controladores de carga MPPT. Varían en tamaño desde 250 W - 400 W+. ====Paso 2: Determine la cantidad mínima de módulos FV==== This calculation will give a ''minimum'' number of modules. The final PV source size should always be larger than this value, thus if the result of the calculation is a decimal, it should be rounded up. Different modules sizes and configurations can be explored to find the optimal design. {| class = "wikitable" border = 1 style = "width: 80%;" ! style = "width: 20%" |Cantidad mínima de módulos FV ! style = "text-align: left;" | = [[Special:MyLanguage/Simplified minimum PV source size| La capacidad mínima de la fuente FV]] ÷ La potencia nominal del módulo FV (Paso 1) |} ====Paso 3: Elija el controlador de carga MPPT y la configuración en serie y paralelo de la fuente FV==== Es necesario probar varias configuraciones diferentes de módulos FV y controladores de carga para encontrar la mejor configuración. La [[Special:MyLanguage/DC system voltage|tensión de CC del sistema]], el número de módulos FV, la tensión de entrada del controlador de carga, el número de módulos en serie, el número de circuitos en paralelo y la clasificación de corriente del controlador de carga todos pueden ser variados para encontrar el mejor diseño. La configuración final de la fuente FV y del controlador de carga debe cumplir con los siguientes requisitos: <ol> <li> Tener una fuente FV con una potencia nominal final superior a la [[Special:MyLanguage/Simplified minimum PV source size|capacidad mínima de la fuente FV simplificado]]. Esto se puede lograr mediante una combinación de conexiones de [[Special:MyLanguage/Series and parallel connections|en serie y en paralelo]].</li> <li>Tener una tensión de cadena de fuente FV que no exceda la tensión de entrada máxima del controlador de carga, incluso bajo temperaturas extremas. Esta tensión nominal máxima de entrada limita las posibles configuraciones de módulos FV que se pueden utilizar para alcanzar la cantidad mínima de módulos FV calculado en el Paso 2. El siguiente cuadro muestra el número máximo y mínimo de módulos FV en serie por circuito de fuente FV para 60 y 72 módulos de células. Todos los circuitos de fuente FV deben tener la misma cantidad de módulos FV si hay un solo controlador de carga o, de lo contrario, no funcionará correctamente (por lo tanto, el número de módulos en serie debe dividirse uniformemente entre la cantidad mínima de módulos FV total). Si hay varios controladores de carga, entonces el número de módulos conectados en serie por circuito de fuente FV debe ser el mismo para cada uno. As long as the voltage doesn't exceed the rating of the charge controller(s), more PV modules per PV source circuit is generally preferable as it permits the use of smaller wires and minimizes voltage drop.</li> [[File:Mpptseriesparallel.png|frameless]] <li>Have a charge controller that can handle the total current supplied by the PV source. An MPPT charge controller is capable of of accepting varying voltages from the PV source and converting them into current at the proper charging voltage for the [[Special:MyLanguage/Energy storage|energy storage system]]. The maximum current of the PV source can be calculated by dividing the power rating of the [[PV module|PV source]] by the [[Special:MyLanguage/DC system voltage|DC system voltage]] as in the chart below. Larger systems often require multiple charge controllers operating in parallel. The next largest charge controller size should be chosen unless the charge controller manufacturer permits oversizing the array. Common MPPT charge controller current ratings: 10 A, 15 A, 20 A, 25 A, 30 A, 35 A, 40 A, 45 A, 50 A, 55 A, 60 A, 65 A, 70 A, 75 A, 80 A, 85 A, 90 A, 95 A, 100 A.</li> [[File:Mpptcurrentrating.png|frameless]] <li>Puede funcionar en a la [[Special: MyLanguage/DC system voltage|tensión de CC del sistema]]. Si se requiere una clasificación de corriente muy alta para el controlador de carga, aumentar la [[Special:MyLanguage/tensión de CC del sistema]] puede producir un mejor diseño del sistema.</li> </ol> ====Paso 4: Configuración final==== Es importante definir algunas variables importantes que serán necesarias para los pasos futuros en el proceso de diseño. {| class="wikitable" border=1 style="width: 80%;" ! style="width: 20%"|Cantidad final de módulos FV en serie ! style="text-align:left;"| = |} {| class="wikitable" border=1 style="width: 80%;" ! style="width: 20%"|Cantidad final de circuitos fuente FV ! style="text-align:left;"| = |} {| class="wikitable" border=1 style="width: 80%;" ! style="width: 20%"|Clasificación de potencia final de la fuente FV ! style="text-align:left;"| = La clasificación de potencia del módulo FV (Paso 1) × La cantidad de módulos FV en serie final |} {| class="wikitable" border=1 style="width: 80%;" ! style="width: 20%"|Clasificación de corriente final del controlador de carga ! style="text-align:left;"| = |} ==Notas/referencias== *60 celdas Voc = 41 V *60 celdas Vmp = 27 V *72 celdas Voc = 50 V *72 celdas Vmp = 34 V *TkVoC = -0.36%/C *TkPmp = -0.48%/C
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