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The second defines the protection level that the enclosure enjoys from various forms of moisture (drips, sprays, submersion etc).<ref name="enclosureco"/><ref name="sourceiex"/> | The second defines the protection level that the enclosure enjoys from various forms of moisture (drips, sprays, submersion etc).<ref name="enclosureco"/><ref name="sourceiex"/> | ||
Revision as of 13:53, 9 February 2021
El equipo eléctrico que viene en un gabinete y los gabinetes destinados a equipos eléctricos de cualquier tipo se clasifican a base de la protección que el gabinete puede proporcionar contra el contacto accidental y los daños por la entrada de agua u objetos. Es importante verificar la clasificación de cualquier gabinete que se esté considerando para asegurarse de que sea adecuado para la ubicación o instalacion en la que se instalará el equipo. Hay dos sistemas de clasificación diferentes que se utilizan comúnmente a nivel mundial: National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA) de los EEUU y Protección de Ingreso (IP). Los dos sistemas son muy similares, pero no es posible crear una equivalencia directa entre los dos.
Contents
Clasificación IP
Un conjunto de estándares creados por la Comisión Electrotécnica Internacional (IEC). A veces también se lo conoce como el código de protección de ingreso (IPC). El código puede contener otras letras y números además de los dos primeros, pero estos no son relevantes para el diseño e instalación de sistemas FV autónomos. El primer carácter después de las letras IP significa la protección que proporciona la carcasa contra la entrada de cuerpos extraños y la protección de las personas frente a partes peligrosas. El segundo carácter después de IP significa la protección que proporciona el recinto contra la entrada de humedad.
Ejemplo 1: Un envolvente tiene una clasificación de IP 65. ¿Qué nivel de protección ofrece?
- 6 significa que está clasificado como totalmente protegido contra polvo.
- 5 Protegido contra chorros de agua a baja presión de todas las direcciones - entrada limitada permitida
| Letras del codigo | Primer caracter: Protección contra partículas sólidas | Segundo caracter: protección contra la entrada de líquidos |
|---|---|---|
| IP (Ingress Protection) | Single caracter: 0–6 or letra X | Single caracter: 0–8 or letra X |
| Obligatorio | Obligatorio |
Solid particle protection
El primer dígito indica el grado de protección (de las personas) frente a partes peligrosas y adémas en nivel de protección del equipo contra cuerpos extraños como polovo u objetos.[1][2]
| Tamaño | Eficaz contra | Descripción |
|---|---|---|
| X | — | X significa que no hay datos disponibles para especificar un grado de protección con respecto a este criterio. |
| 0 | — | Sin Protección |
| 1 | 50mm | Cualquier superficie grande del cuerpo, como el dorso de una mano, pero sin protección contra el contacto deliberado con una parte del cuerpo. |
| 2 | 12.5mm | Dedos u objectos similares. |
| 3 | 2.5mm | Herramientas, alambros o cables gruesos, etc. |
| 4 | 1mm | Cables normales, pernos delgados, hormigas grandes, etc. |
| 5 | Dust protected | La entrada de polvo no se evita por completo, pero no debe entrar en cantidad suficiente para interferir con el funcionamiento satisfactorio del equipo. |
| 6 | Dust-tight | Sin entrada de polvo (estanco al polvo); protección completa contra el contacto. |
Protección contra liquidos
The second defines the protection level that the enclosure enjoys from various forms of moisture (drips, sprays, submersion etc).[1][2]
| Level | Protection against |
|---|---|
| X | X means there is no data available to specify a protection rating with regard to these criteria. |
| 0 | No protection against ingress of water |
| 1 | Dripping water |
| 2 | Dripping water when tilted at 15° |
| 3 | Spraying water |
| 4 | Splashing of water |
| 5 | Water jets |
| 6 | Powerful water jets |
| 6K | Powerful water jets with increased pressure |
| 7 | Immersion, up to 1m depth |
| 8 | Immersion, 1m or more depth |
| 9K | Powerful high-temperature water jets |
NEMA rating
The National Equipment Manufacturers Association (NEMA) rating system is primarily used in North America as the national electrical codes mandate that the NEMA rating system is used. The NEMA rating system differs from the IP rating system in that increasing numbers do not signify that the enclosure offers better protection than the number that proceeds it. For example, types 3, 4 and 6 are intended for outdoor use, but type 5 is not. [3] Equipment for off-grid PV systems will fall into ratings 1-5.
Example 1: An enclosure is rated NEMA 3X. What level of protection does it offer and can it be used indoors?
- A NEMA rating of 3 signifies that it is protected against falling dirt and windblown dust, against weather hazards such as rain, sleet and snow, and is undamaged by the formation of ice. A rating of X means that it carries additional protection against corrosion from salt water.
- Its ratings exceed what is needed for indoor installation, therefore it is acceptable to use.
| NEMA Type | Definition [3] |
|---|---|
| 1 | General-purpose. Protects against dust, light, and indirect splashing but is not dust-tight; primarily prevents contact with live parts; used indoors and under normal atmospheric conditions. |
| 2 | Drip-tight. Similar to Type 1 but with addition of drip shields; used where condensation may be severe (as in cooling and laundry rooms). |
| 3 | Weather-resistant. Protects against falling dirt and windblown dust, against weather hazards such as rain, sleet and snow, and is undamaged by the formation of ice. Used outdoors on ship docks, in construction work, and in tunnels and subways. |
| 3R | As 3, but omits protection against windblown dust. |
| 3S | As 3, but also operable when laden with ice. |
| 3X, 3RX, 3SX | X indicates additional corrosion protection; commonly used near salt water. |
| 4 and 4X | Watertight. Used outdoors on ship docks, in dairies, in wastewater treatment plants and breweries. X (as 4X) indicates additional corrosion resistance. |
| 5 | Dust-tight. Provided with gaskets or equivalent to exclude dust; used in steel mills and cement plants. |
| 6 and 6P | Submersible. Design depends on specified conditions of pressure and time; submersible in water or oil; used in quarries, mines, and manholes. 6 is temporarily submersible, 6P withstands occasional prolonged submersion. Neither are intended for continuous submersion. |
| 7 | Certified and labelled for use in locations where specific fire or explosion hazards may exist. |
| 8 | Certified and labeled for indoor and outdoor use in locations where specific fire or explosion hazards may exist. |
| 9 | Certified and labelled for indoor and outdoor use in locations where specific fire or explosion hazards may exist. |
| 10 | Meets specific requires for use in mining applications in the United States. |
| 11 | General-purpose. Protects against the corrosive effects of liquids and gases. Meets drip and corrosion-resistance tests. |
| 12 and 12K | General-purpose. Intended for indoor use, provides some protection against dust, falling dirt, and dripping non-corrosive liquids. Meets drip, dust, and rust resistance tests. |
| 13 | General-purpose. Primarily used to provide protection against dust, spraying of water and non-corrosive coolants. Meets oil exclusion and rust resistance design tests. |
Notes
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Enclosure Company: IP Ratings Explained https://www.enclosurecompany.com/ip-ratings-explained.php
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 IEX: Degrees of Protection http://www.sourceiex.com/Catalogs/IP%20Degress%20Testing%20Details.pdf
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 NEMA: Enclosure types https://www.nema.org/docs/default-source/products-document-library/nema-enclosure-types.pdf
